ABSTRACT
Dynamic economic and social changes taking place for the past 20 years in Poland, effects often of such loss of extensive agriculture and abandonment of agricultural activities particularly on small and narrow plots , usually on the soils of poor grading. Even before the Polish accession to the EU, set - aside and fallow areas cover approx. 2.3 million ha (in 2002), but in subsequent years the area drastically decreased from 1.3 million ha (in 2004) , by 1.0 million ha ( 2 005 ) to 0.4 million hectares (2011). As a result of cessation of mowing meadows, grazing pastures and agricultural measures , we can observed the phenomenon of secondary forest succession ( plant communities of a forest properties ) leading to changes in land use and land cover classes structure . Recording changes in the agro - forestry space, update reference registers of the land and building (EGiB) and control granted to farmers subsidies ( direct EU payments) requires an efficient and automated technology acquisition, processing and analysis of spatial data. In addition to the used by ARiMR (in the LPIS system) vector data and aerial orthophotomaps , there is still a need to strengthen the decision - making process such as update of current ranges of land - use cla sses. One of the GI technologies that could be a real breakthrough is the Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) . The study area cover 137.17 ha in the village Tuklęcz (commune Rytwiany, Staszów County , Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship ). The EGiB geo data came from PODGiK in Staszów. They were two ALS point cloud data sets: one provided by the RZGW in Krakow (from airborne campaign Nov. 2009; density ~ 2 pts / m2) and the second from ISOK project (Nov. 2012; density ~ 4 pts / m2 ). The Terrasolid and FUSION (USDA Forest Service) and ArcGIS Esri software were used in the study . Detection of vegetation was carried out in 4 variants differ in the "height above ground" of the class "succession" (thresholds: from 0.4m , 1m, 2m and 3m ). The results indicate that in each scenario (variant), in the area of arable land ("R") - class (covering 60.55 % of the analyzed area) were over 70 % of all detected secondary forest succession polygons, covering more than 50% of agricultural land. Secondary succession occupied from 31.38 % to 61.05 % the land - use "R" and from 34.93 % to 67.03 % of the land - use Pastures' ("Ps"), which shows the high economic transformations taking place in the area. The use of wide - scale ALS data in Poland, has been made possible by the ISOK project assuming execution to the end of 2013 for an area of about 191000 km2 of classified ALS point cloud (cloud density: 4 pts/ m 2 - Standard I for agricultural areas; 12 pts/ m 2 - Standard II for urban areas ), digital terrain model (DTM ) and the digitals (topographic) surface model ( DSM ). In addition, the aerial photographs are obtained in the ISOK project for coloring of ALS point clouds or for orthophoto generation purpose. Observed in the years 2002 - 2010 decrease by 26% the number of farms in Poland (up to 1 ha area) is some indication that the problem of abandonment of agricultural land has not yet been closed. Regular ALS campaigns or the use of alternative technologies such as stereo - matching of aerial photographs or radar technologies, it gives a good chance to manage and monitor the changes in rural areas. This retrieved data can be used in the construction of development plans of communes or management plans of Natura2000, which largely depend on properly conducted agricultural economy (Special Protection Areas - SPA) means eg. mowing overgrown meadows and pastures . On the other hand, since 1995, the National Afforestation Programme (KPZL) exist, which implies achieving 30% forest cover in Poland in year 2020 and 33% in year 2050